Minnesota Health Officials Alert Providers to Rare Flu-Related Brain Inflammation

The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) has issued a notice to healthcare providers following the diagnosis of a rare brain inflammation, known as acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), in a child under the age of two from the Twin Cities area.
ANE is a severe neurological condition that can occur following viral infections, most commonly influenza. It is characterized by rapid deterioration of brain tissue, leading to symptoms such as high fever, reduced alertness, and seizures. While rare, ANE has high morbidity and mortality rates.
Pediatricians nationwide have reported an increase in influenza A-associated ANE cases during the 2024-2025 flu season, primarily affecting previously healthy young children, many of whom were not vaccinated against influenza.
In Minnesota, influenza vaccination rates are currently 24% for children and 34% for adults.
MDH emphasizes that seasonal influenza activity remains high, and vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent severe illness. Healthcare providers are encouraged to promote flu vaccination and remain vigilant for potential ANE cases, especially in young children presenting with severe neurological symptoms following influenza infection.
AP Citation: Minnesota Department of Health. “Influenza-Associated Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE).” Published Feb. 20, 2025.